History Of Filipino Immigration History Essay

History Of Filipino Immigration History Essay The creation of an American starts at where he himself dismisses every other tie, some other history, and himself receives the vesture of his embraced land. Baldwin 29. It is a marvel why Filipinos needed to leave their own nation and live in somewhere else like the United States of America. Perhaps on the grounds that a more promising time to come is found in another spot, similar to another universe of expectation that can't be found in the local place where there is the Philippines. Filipinos attempted to leave their nation without the confirmation of anything. Ones self is the one in particular who could make his/her own predetermination. Filipinos have been pursuing the American dream since the mid 1900s. As circumstances were given, Filipinos didnt dither to leave their own nation so as to locate a more promising time to come from one of the universes super powers, which was the United States. Filipinos were acceptable in embracing their new condition just to seek after the Ame rican Dream. Social character involves turning out to be just as of being. It has a place with the future as much regarding the past. It isn't something which as of now exists, rising above spot, time, history and culture. Social characters originate from some place, have narratives. However, such as everything which is recorded, they experience steady change. (Corridor). Adjusting between two distinct societies is extremely testing and this paper concentrated on this issue the most. Que 2 The primary enormous scope movement of Asians into the U.S didnt occur until 1848, when gold was found in America. The Chinese moniker for California was known as the Gold Mountain. The Gold Rush was one of the force factors that drove numerous Chinese to go to the U.S. to discover their fortune and get back rich and well off (Le). This occasion set off the American visionary and the sights of a greener field. Pretty much every Asian accepted that the second they had stepped on the grounds of the United States of America, life would be better and more extravagant. Be that as it may, not all were conceded with the American dream in light of the fact that not all were given respectable occupations. Filipinos were really the main Asians to cross the Pacific Ocean as right on time as 1587, fifty years before the primary English settlement of Jamestown was built up. This was likewise during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. Filipinos had to fill in as mariners and pilots on board Spanish Galleons. In the end, Filipino mariners were the first to settle in the US around 1763. They made their first lasting settlement in the marchs and swamps of Manila Village, in what might later be Louisiana. They assembled houses on braces along the bay ports of New Orleans and were the first in the United States to present the sun-drying procedure of shrimp (Filipino American History). This was the principal wave of Filipinos that went to the United States. Since their movement to the United States, Filipinos have consistently assumed a vital job in adding to Americas economy. From 1763 to 1906 other Filipino gatherings, for example, sailors, globe-trotters and domestics followed and in the end d eveloped in numbers. With the progression of time some of them relocated toward the West Coast, Hawaii, and Alaska to extend their chances in the angling and whaling ventures (Immigration History). In 1903, the Pensionado Act permitted Filipino understudies to concentrate in the United States as an approach to upgrade and further their instruction and have more information in various regions. While Que 3 this has all the earmarks of being a respectable demonstration by the Americans, it was really not their actual aims. Rather than permitting understudies to relocate as an approach to propel their training and illuminate their psyches, the Americans had other ulterior thought processes. These researchers known as pensionados were sent off so as to help keep up pilgrim rule. Numerous pensionados were given the grant program since it was planned to teach these youngsters in America with degrees in government and organization so they could get familiar with the United States administrative framework. Along these lines they could come back to the Philippines and show the legislature vote based practices and direct their own administration likewise like the administration in the United States. All the more significantly, they were guaranteed positions in different government segments especially in farming, business and instruction. Nonetheless, this end up being risky since the general ma ke-up, history and socioeconomics of the Philippines doesn't resemble that of the United States. The legislative framework that works for America may not work for the Philippines. In any case, by 1912 there were more than 200 Filipino understudies who had moved on from American university organizations. Subsequent to accomplishing their degrees the greater part of them returned to the Philippines, however some stayed in the US and mixed in with the later Filipino workers known as Pinoys (Magat). This demonstration was intently attached with what occurred during when the United States vanquished the Philippines. It began when the Battle of Manila Bay happened. The Secretary of the Navy of the United States of America requested George Dewey to send his armada to Manila Bay to battle with the Spanish fighters in light of the fact that during that time, the Philippines was under the Spanish Rule. They had a phony fight, likewise called the counterfeit fight, in light of the fact that th e Spanish administration realized that they couldn't win the war. Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino general and freedom pioneer, came back to the Philippines from his visit to Hong Kong to help the American soldiers. He trusted the Que 4 Americans that they would assist them with getting their autonomy once more from the Spanish Rule. At the point when the U.S. armada succeeded, they went to the legislative hall and supplanted the Spanish banner with the American banner. They additionally didnt permit Emilio Aguinaldo to enter the city of Manila. That is the point at which he imagined that something wasn't right, and the Americans couldnt be trusted. The Americans tricked Emilio Aguinaldo, which prompted the Philippine-American War. Pietism assumed its job in these two occasions. The Americans had their ulterior thought processes and plans before accomplishing something like helping the individuals gain their autonomy or have the pensionados get their instruction. Beside pensionados, workers likewise relocated to California under the agreement framework where they consented to function as ranchers. A large portion of the Pinoys filled in as ranchers in California in the San Joaquin Valley, Salinas, and Sacramento. Some became assembly line laborers in the Alaskan angling and cannery businesses, while others took low-paying caretaker, table attendant, and household administration employments. This second rush of movement in the end prompted an abundance work gracefully. The subsequent wave started from 1906 with an overwhelming fixation going into California and Hawaii. At the point when the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association (HPSA) required increasingly agrarian work laborers, they sent spotters to the Philippines to set up enlistment focuses in Vigan, Illocos Sur and Cebu. There they recruited sugar stick estate laborers known as Sakadas, who obviously worked for modest work. In 1906, fifteen Sakadas were sent to Hawaii (Garcia). From the st art, the transients who for the most part communicated in Tagalog were reluctant to go, out of dread and because of the long travel which they saw to be perilous. Upon their organization and after their settlement, be that as it may, they urged different Filipinos to follow their strides and revealed to them that their relocation had been effective. Through their work, many had the option to set aside cash to send back home as an approach to help their family members and help improve their day to day environments. The second influx of Filipino Que 5 settlers that ventured into Hawaii clarifies the high Filipino-American populace that despite everything exists there today. The US colonization of the Philippines from 1900 up to 1934 tremendously affected Philippine migration. Filipinos went to the procedure of mass movement. As Filipinos became US nationals and were allowed the chance to live legitimately in the US under the insurance of its law and constitution. Interest for work on Hawaiian manors and California farmlands pulled in a great many Filipino settlers known as Sakadas who came generally from the areas of Ilocos and Cebu to supplant the Japanese work power who expected to leave the Hawaiian ranches. In spite of the fact that the Sakadas came to Hawaii as American Nationals, they were not given full rights as American residents and were the main Filipino Americans to encounter racial segregation and social abuse. The Pinoys had the most broad involvement in racial separation coming about because of changes in movement arrangements, hostile to miscegenation laws and abusive homestead the board rehearses. Numerous vagrant families lived in need iness and youngsters had to get instructed, communicate in English just, and standard rapidly. About the counter miscegenation laws, some Filipino more established grown-ups and family parental figures may have been a piece of this gathering. In 1934 the US Federal law known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act was passed to restrict Filipino movement. (Migration History). The Tydings-McDuffie Act is otherwise called the Philippine Commonwealth and Independence Act. It was ordered on March 24, 1934. The law was upheld by Maryland Senator Millard E. Tydings and Alabama Representative John McDuffie, consequently the name of the Act. This bureaucratic law gave self-government and autonomy to the Philippines. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt marked it and it was sent to the Philippine Senate for endorsement. Despite the fact that the Tydings-McDuffie Act was ordered in 1934, the Que 6 law expresses that Filipino freedom will just produce results on July 4, 1946 after a transitional time of ten years. The Act gave the draft and rules to a Constitution which framed the establishment of the legislature in the Philippines before conceding their freedom. The Filipinos chose their own agents for a required established show on July 10, and Roosevelt endorsed the Philippine constitution on March 23, 1935. The Commonwealth government was

Financial Analysis of I.T Ltd.

Organization foundation I. T Limited (0999. HK) is a venture holding organization situated in Hong Kong. It was recorded on the principle leading body of The Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 4-March-2005. The organization offers a wide scope of clothing items. It sells its items just as offers an assortment of national and worldwide brands through its system of retail locations. As of February 28, 2011, it worked 392 stores in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Target To attempt a thorough investigation on the money related execution of I. T. Constrained. Point by point money related proportion examination will be performed.An estimation of the firm’s cost of value capital and weighted normal expense of capital will likewise be given. Skyline of examination We will concentrate on its presentation in the most recent 5 monetary years. A) Detail monetary examination The money related investigation will be directed in two different ways. In the first place, the significant records on fiscal reports will be reviewed so as to determine a general picture on the constitution of the business. Second, PERL (Performance, Efficiency, Risk, Liquidity) structure will be utilized to additionally dissect the monetary exhibition of the organization. I.Going through the budget reports We can get a brief look at the wellbeing of the business by investigating the pattern of bookkeeping things in salary articulation, monetary record and income explanation separately. Combined salary proclamation (Referring to reference section A †table 1 and 2) 2008/09 was an extraordinary year, money related tidal wave occurred. In this manner there was a colossal gainfulness sway in that year, bringing about a huge decline in working benefit. Also, since the market recouped in 2009/2010, the gainfulness unexpectedly expanded a great deal in that financial year. Other than these wo extraordinary years, the general development pattern in deals turnover, expenses, and benefit is sound. (Alluding t o addendum A †table 3) Standardizing the pay explanation can extricate additional data. All the records are communicated as a level of turnover. The organization has worked superbly in cost controlling, since the expense of deals as a level of turnover is in a diminishing pattern, consequently the gross overall revenue is in an expanding pattern. Then again working costs changes at around 50-51% of turnover, yet since cost of deals has a more prominent decline, the net impact is working benefit is in an expanding trend.Consolidated monetary record (Referring to supplement A †table 4) by and large, all out resources experience an expanding pattern. This is sensible since the business is at a developing stage. One remarkable point is the development of non-current resources look more prominent than current resources, particularly property, furniture and hardware has a noteworthy increment in 2010/11, this is most likely because of the fast extension of retails stores in Hong Kong and China. Also, accordingly, there is a critical increment in inventories in 2010/11 as well. (Alluding to reference section A †table 5)Similar ends can be drawn by survey similar records in a normalized accounting report (all things are normalized by all out resource esteem in the financial year). Property, furniture and hardware, and inventories make up the vast majority of the absolute resources. (Alluding to informative supplement A †table 6) Liabilities likewise grow a great deal with all out resources as the business extends. Eminently there is a critical increment in both present moment and long haul bank borrowings. What's more the payable records additionally expanded over 100%, implying that the organization purchased stocks or administrations from providers using a loan more than before.This development of liabilities is fine as long as the organization can produce reliable working incomes, as we will find in the following segment. (Alluding to informativ e supplement A †table 7) Similar ends can be drawn at normalized asset report, bank borrowings and payables expanded altogether, particularly for longer term bank borrowings. (Alluding to informative supplement A †table 8) The development of the business was basically subsidized by developing liabilities, as should be obvious that the development of value isn't so noteworthy, the organization has not given new offers to get financing. The organization has basically held a portion of the benefit in every year into reserves.Consolidated income explanation (Referring to informative supplement A †table 9) The organization has improved its income age as its business developed. The gainfulness of the organization expanded, thus as the money created from activity. What's more, since the organization has expanded in size, it has expanded its capacity to back from banks, subsequently it likewise expanded its money created from financing exercises. In spite of the fact that the organization has expanded interest in fixed resources and thus the money outpouring from venture, this is balanced by the expansion in income from activity and financing.II. PERL (Performance, Efficiency, Risk, Liquidity) examination (Referring to reference section B and C) 1) Performance Profit edges (Gross, working, net) Gross net revenue continues expanding. The most recent figure is 63. 35%, which is an exceptionally high edge. This is likely because of the expanded brand picture of the organization, consequently the organization can build the selling cost of the items. Additionally, the organization moved the emphasis on selling results of its own brands more than imported brands, this likewise expanded the gross benefit margin.Both working and net overall revenue are likewise in an expanding pattern (regardless of year 2008/09, an extraordinary year which monetary emergency occurred). In any case, it is important that the present edges are 12. 08% and 10. 12% individually, wh ich show an incredible distinction from net revenue. This show the working costs are high, gobbling up over half of overall revenue. The organization should think approaches to additionally diminish working expenses. Profit for Equity (ROE) The organization has expanded its ROE along the years notwithstanding the unique year 2008/09. The most recent ROE is really an exceptional yield, 21. 6%. So what are the fundamental drivers of such exceptional yield? By using DuPont examination, the explanation behind return development can be discovered: ROE = Net Profit Margin x Asset Turnover x Financial Leverage The net overall revenue is expanding consistently. Simultaneously, since the financing capacity of the organization has expanded, the monetary influence likewise expanded. These two components drove the ROE up, counterbalancing the decreasing impact on ROE by resource turnover. The advantage turnover really diminished in last two financial years, demonstrating the productivity of goi ng resource for income decreased.It is a piece stress to see the proportion diminished from 1. 6 to 1. 17 in these 2 years. It might demonstrate that the advantage size of the firm is excessively enormous, further extension may not get further increment income. This might be a pointer of the firm has passed its ideal point and the board must take additional consideration in assessing whether the organization ought to put resources into growing all the more retail locations or not. Broadened DuPont investigation stalls net overall revenue into taxation rate, premium weight, and EBIT edge. Taxation rate of the organization is really expanding, I. e. it needs to pay progressively compelling expense henceforth affecting the net benefit margin.But it’s still fine as the successful duty rate is still at about 20%, which ought to be very low when contrasted with powerful assessment rate outside Hong Kong and China. Intrigue trouble likewise encounters an expanding pattern. This is s ensible since the organization has expanded financing capacity and financed through more bank advances. EBIT edge is expanding, balancing the negative impact of taxation rate and intrigue trouble. 2) Efficiency Fixed resource Fixed resource turnover is in a diminishing pattern (from 16. 08 to 7. 98 in most recent five years). This shows the effectiveness of producing deals income from fixed resources speculation is lowering.This affirms with the diminishing resource turnover proportion referenced previously. Anyway the proportion is still at a significant level, the administration should even now put resources into fixed resource and grow the business, yet additional consideration ought to be taken to decide the sum and scale to be contributed. Stock Inventory turnover is diminishing (from 3. 72 to 2. 48 in most recent five years). This shows all in all, the speed of stocks selling has eased back down as the business extends. At the point when this proportion is changed over to long stretches of stock close by, the importance can even be more clear. The days expanded from around 98 days to 147 days in these 5 years.Overstocking, bringing in or creating items which are not famous, or lacking advertising endeavors are altogether potential motivations to this diminishing effectiveness. Receivables turnover is diminishing. To get a more clear importance, the proportion is changed over to long stretches of deals remarkable, and this proportion is expanding (from 1. 97 to 11. 49). This proportion implies on normal how long the company’s clients who purchase using a loan will cover their tabs. This expanding proportion implies that it requires some investment to gather the bill from clients, implying that capital must be tied up for longer period.However the number really isn't enormous, it’s around 12 days and thusly an adequate worth. Payables turnover diminished from 11. 14 to 5. 51. The proportion can be changed over to number of long stretches of p ayable. This proportion expanded from 32. 76 to 66. 23. This proportion is the normal measure of time it takes to cover its tabs. The time has expanded altogether. It demonstrated the benefit of the development of the organization, I. e. at the point when the organization went recorded and extended, the capacity to pay using a credit card expanded. This expanded time to cover tabs builds the adaptability to oversee working capital and thus benefits the activity of the company.Working capital The adequacy of the organization in utilizing working capital has expanded since the working capital turnover expanded from 2. 72 to 4. 46 in most recent five years. This implies more deals income is created for every dollar of working capital which supported the deals. This is most likely because of expanded size of the organization, so the organization can get additionally subsidizing by sh

1030 Example

1030 Example 1030 â€" Assignment Example > IntroductionDigital disruption is referred to as changes in digital technologies occurring at a pace that causes disruption in the established value creation ways, social interactions, our thinking generally, and ways of doing business. It can also refer to the new digital technological changes which occur and new versions of business models which usually affect the value proposition of the various existing goods and services too. On the other hand, IT strategy is the main component that is established to create a very competitive advantage over all sorts of competition (Thomond and Lettice, 2002). The IT policy creates the difference between the success of a business and the failure of business. Any company which makes use of IT strategy runs its activities smoothly and therefore ends up being successful whereas any business that operates its operations without involving digital technologies may end up failing. Rapid increase in personal and work uses of mobile devices have led t o an increment of digital disruption potential across many industries (Schmidt and Cohen, 2010). These have also caused disruption of media and entertainment industries on changes concerning how customers access the content being communicated by advertisers. Digital disruption can be viewed as an opportunity for many business where the resulting innovation can be used to make the company products competitive in the market. It has been said to cause high inequality risks and dislocates labor and capital, as many organizations are becoming capital intensive. The essay is trying to explore the implications of the digital disruption on the information technology strategy (Hang, Chen and Subramian, 2010). This entails critical analysis of the literature that is relevant to the digital disruption and IT strategy. The possible challenges that are likely to be faced by businesses due to the digital disruption are explored and conclusion relating to the effects of digital disruption on IT strategy provided. Critical analysisDigital disruptions do occur in different levels that can include disruptions concerning individual life. For instance, mobile connectivity can be taken to disrupt work-life boundaries that are established. Second, the digital disruptions can be regarding the work practices that can involve narrating work using microblogging in organization leading to change in the valuable work that counts in the organization (Christensen and Overdorf, 2000). Third, digital disruptions to the practices of businesses where the change in technology van result in social media use in the workplace disrupting the way information is transfer in the company leading to changes in power relationships. The disruption can also take place in the structure of industry where the digitalization of processes can disrupt production process, delivery, and value chains. Lastly, disruptions can be to the social systems where the increased use of the social media can cause disruptio ns to the traditional practices. Digital disruptions can be associated with the efforts that are geared towards realizing efficiency in operations. The advancements in technology have been contributing a lot in the digital disruptions as organizations are using the technologies to enhance their performance and realize efficiency (Klenner, Hüsig and Dowling, 2013). Many organizations are working toward achieving competitive advantages in eth market by coming up with innovative strategies that can make their products competitive. As a result, the companies operating in competitive market are using technology leading to disruption in the way of operations. For instance, organizations that are working towards achieving cost advantages tend to use technology in achieving efficiency.

Prostitution As A Deviant And Illegal Practice - 2172 Words

Nie 1 Jiaxin Nie Jon Meeder ESL 408 13 April 2015 Legalized prostitution Prostitution was regarded as a deviant and illegal practice for years, women and men both involved in prostitution almost in every country. Prostitution is always considered as illegal. Not only the society recognize that prostitution is a shame but also the religion asserts that it has a bad name. But nowadays, prostitution can be considered in another way. People and researchers started to think about the human rights, the protection and liberalism these years. Once prostitution was regarded in a different way, the perspective in a long run has been slightly changed. Actually, in 1984, Australian already made a revolution in this big topic. The Australian State†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I believe that sex is one of the most beautiful, natural, wholesome things that money can buy†( Steve Martin). As the quote says, why not try to accept legalizing prostitution and regard it as a normal job? Legalized prostitution is necessary in the 21 century. For the equality for the human beings, for the respect for individual rights, for the fairness of the society, people have the rights and freedom to use their own body if they are not hurting others. The prostitution inequality argument is challenged by those who argue that prostitution is primarily a matter of sex and of sexual liberation and of freedom (Scambler and Scambler). As the human being, people should have the rights to decide how to use own body. We commonly refer to basic liberties such as freedom of political speech and religious liberty as rights. In doing so, we convey the belief that these liberties have a special moral importance or a special status in our constitutional law. Obviously, sexual freedom is now regarded by many as a basic liberty. Buying and sell seal services included in sexual freedom to some extent. Since the organ can be donated to other people, the blood can be transported in different people’s body, the skin can be used to do plastic survey for beauty. The law can’t violate the rights in the basic liberty sense Nie 3 that People have the rights to use all parts of the body. The basic principles of the alliance are thatShow MoreRelatedProstitution And Deviance : Examination Of Theories Amongst Positivist And Constructionist Perspectives Within Society1604 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution and Deviance: Examination of Theories Amongst Positivist and Constructionist Perspectives Within Society Deviance is behavior, beliefs or characteristics that many people in a society find or would find offensive and which excite, upon discovery, disapproval, punishment, condemnation, or hostility (Goode, 2011 p. 3). Most scientists will agree that a person s most basic needs, physiologically, are breathing, food, water, sleep, and sex. 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Systems of prostitution can include any industry in which women and/or children’s- and occasionally men’s bodies are bought, sold, or traded for sexual use. Prostitution has been referred to as the â€Å"world’s oldest profession† because proof of prostitution can be found from up to four thousand years in the past. Prostitution has been neither totally accepted nor condemned. Sociological perspectives can beRead MoreSocial Theories and Prostitution2468 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many sociological theories that can be used to explain prostitution in modern society. Two such theories are functionalism and symbolic interaction. Many people feel that prostitution may be an immoral act however, from a functionalist perspective t here are social needs that are being filled through prostitution. Both social actors are gaining through the engagement of prostitution. 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The Architectural Structure Of Artificial Intelligence Essay

The architectural structure of Artificial intelligence is the notion to present how the mind functions at its level of abstraction. In effect, this leads to the concept of GOFAI to demonstrate how the mind takes in information, and outputs a response. However, GOFAI has become an unsatisfactory portrayal of human cognition, because it demonstrates itself to be nothing more than a system that manipulates symbols (Dreyfus, ppXXI). For GOFAI turns behaviours and knowledge into a formal script, but lacks the essential aspect of epistemology. For GOFAI doesn t create opinions, nor does it desire to justify its database of information. Rather, it abides by the rules that are written in its programming, in the presumption it’s data is true. For the epistemological notion of creating, obtaining, and justifying knowledge is a natural aspect of the cognition, and is an essential property of the human intellect. Moreover, the concept of Connectionism, demonstrates itself to be a better a rchetype of the mind, in explaining how the brain functions, and learns. For the theory of Connectionism isn’t limited to being a symbol manipulator, rather it simulates the functionality of the brain, by replicating its neural structure of how it processes information. Arguably, Connectionism is a better representation of the mind, because it doesn t limit the cognition as a symbol manipulator, in how it demonstrates the notion of learning and retention of knowledge by simulating the neural structureShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Artificial Intelligence1701 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Whoever perceives that robots and artificial intelligence are merely here to serve humanity, think again. 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It built the basic structure of mobile communications and solved many fundamental problems, e.g. cellular architecture adopting, multiplexing frequency band, roaming across domain, non-interrupted communication in mobile circumstances, etc. Speech chat was the only service ofRead MoreTechnology and Its Impact on Society2160 Words   |  9 Pageseach invention is annexed with the need of betterment and transmogrification. Newer and newer advances are happening All of the biggest technological inventions created by man - the airplane, the automobile, the computer - says little about his intelligence, but speaks volumes about his laziness. Mark Kennedy by the day. Technological change is in large part responsible for many of the secular trends in such basic parameters of the human condition as the size of the world population, life expectancy

Parvovirus B19 A Different Kind of Pathogen Free Essays

Blood transfusions save lives. There is no other way to put it. There is no other way to stress its importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Parvovirus B19: A Different Kind of Pathogen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Without this service there would be no other way to save those who are victims of gunshot wounds, accidents that resulted in major blood loss, surgeries that require transfusion and many more medical procedures that require the availability of safe blood. As mentioned earlier blood banks have reached a level of sophistication that can assure safe blood processing, sterilisation, storage and finally transfusion. In information found in the 12th International Convocation on Immunology one can see that in the 20th century it is almost impossible to find infected blood such as those having HIV, Hepatitis B and C viruses in blood banks (C.J. van Oss, 1995). Yet, in the same convention, the delegates had to agree that there are still pathogens that could not be eliminated using conventional methods. And one of those pathogens is called Parvovirus B19, which is also known as human parvovirus. It is therefore important to test for the presence of Parvovirus B19 in donated blood. The importance of which will be seen later as introduction of the virus to at risk patients can be fatal. Parvovirus B19 According to Broliden, Tolfvenstam, Norbeck (2006) â€Å"B19 is thought to exclusively infect humans, and shows a pronounced tropism for erythroid precursors.† Moreover, they added that with regards to infection shows a seasonal variation in temperature climates, â€Å"†¦being more common during the winter and early spring [†¦] B19 is normally transmitted through the respiratory route, but can also be transmitted vertically from the mother to the foetus, through BM and organ tranplantations, and via transfused blood products† (Broliden, Tolfvenstam, Norbeck, 2006). A more technical description of the virus can be found in Murphy and Pamphilon’s work and the authors made the following remarks concerning the human parvovirus: The parvoviruses are one of the smallest DNA viruses that infect humans. They are very stable non-enveloped viruses that are resistant to many chemical and physical inactivation techniques. Parvovirus B19 is the only definite member of the genus erythrovirus – the virus replicates in erythroid progenitor cells (1995). In the world of Pediatrics, Katie Barnes highlights the following attributes of the virus: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parvovirus B19 (human parvovirus) is the causative agent for erythema infectiosum or fifth disease so named because it was the fifth disease to be described with similar rashes like measles, rubella, scarlet fever and roscola. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚      It appears commonly as an erythermatous, macular, papular rash in a patient that otherwise is a febrile and well appearing. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to the ever-present nature of the virus, community outbreaks are common. Infection is possible throughout the year. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Infection can result in transient aplastic crisis (TAC) among children with hereditary haemolytic anaemia like sickle cell disease, spherocytosis and thalassaemia or marked immunosuppression. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚   B19 infection among pregnant women has been linked to fetal infection and subsequent pregnancy loss and spontaneous abortion. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚   B19 infection is widespread and occurs worldwide. School-aged children are most frequently affected and highest incidence can be found among children between 5 to 15 years of age (2003). In addition to the above here is another facet of the virus that informs on those who are at high risk when infected with B19: [†¦] it does interfere with red cell production in the marrow; and a recipient with a compensated haemolytic anaemia may have a very abrupt and dangerous fall in haemoglobin when exposed to this virus. An immunologically impaired recipient of the virus may be unable to eliminate the virus, and severe chronic anaemia may result (C.J. van Oss, 1995). Detection Detecting the presence of B19 virus in donated blood would not be an easy task. As described earlier the human parvovirus is one of the smallest DNA viruses ever found (Murphy Pamphilon, 1995). Peterlana et al (2006) described some of the standard assays that was used for detecting the presence of B19: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dot Blot Hybridization – this uses cloned viral DNA and was found to be sensitive to 104 viral particles. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology 2.1 Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) – more sensitive than Dot Blot Hybridization assay because it could detect 100 fg viral DNA (gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining and 10 fg viral DNA (hybridization). 2.2 nested-PCR – a thousand fold improvement in sensitivity as compared to PCR 2.3 real-time PCR – this is a fluorescence-based assay, which combines amplification and detection in a closed system and can produce quantitative results in a very short time. Real-time PCR has been reported to be more sensitive than conventional PCR. Schneider et al., (2005) do stand by the result of real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction procedure. This was carried out using a LightCycler – a Parvovirus B19 Quantification Kit from Roche Diagnostics. A similar approach was described by Koppelman and Cuypers that would soon be standard European practice, â€Å"†¦ testing with a quantitative PV-B19 NAT (nucleic acid amplification technology) assay† (2002). How to cite Parvovirus B19: A Different Kind of Pathogen, Papers

Affects of Social Media on Children, Teens and Family free essay sample

Joshua porter defines it as: â€Å"The Web is more a social creation than a technical one. I designed it for a social effectto help people work togetherand not as a technical toy. The ultimate goal of the Web is to support and improve our weblike existence in the world. We clump into families, associations, and companies. We develop trust across the miles and distrust around the corner. What we believe, endorse, agree with, and depend on is representable and, increasingly, represented on the Web†. 2] Porter, Joshua (2008). Designing for the Social Web. Berkley,  CA: New Riders. pp. 1–32. The social web is truly an online community where people come to interact with one another, grown and learn from them. Now, how the social web is sued is solely dependent on the person. The social web is just a tool we use to reach to others in our everyday life. Some may call the social web a â€Å"highschoolish† socialization platform. The social web can be very quick to turn on your, depending on how you are using it. The truth is that the social web is usually not a very healthy or good atmosphere for a family, teen or child. Again, this depends on how it is being used and where. Even on the â€Å"safe sites† people are open to things that they may not want to see or experience. You may ask what some of the safer sights may be, well, platforms like pinterest can to the eye seem totally harm less, but if a child see’s something that is not age appropriate, it has now become a place where your children should not be. Monitoring these different platforms is really where our jobs come in when we are talking about the effects on teens and children. Now a days, teens and children are easily manipulated by friends and peers and use the social web to express† there new found freedom and new found thoughts. Most of the time, platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Myspace tend to have things on them that are not age appropriate for the teen or child. They get exposed to all of these things because of how open these platforms are and the lack of restrictions on the sites themselves. Now, don’t get me wrong, I understand that the web is an open door, for all to use, but when children are involved, the sights should be held to a certain standard of what to allow and what to not allow as far as what images are being seen and used and the context that is being written. I do appreciate that the COPPA state that a child younger than 13 should not be allowed to use any social media website. This puts the responsibility back on the parents to be more careful and do there due diligence when it comes to what their children are doing online. It is important that parents have set rules and imitations on what their children are allowed to do on social media. Evaluating the sites and setting up personal privacy computer limitations is necessary when allowing your children to be part of the social media. A good way to do this is by setting up an account where both the parent and the child have open access and can be checked periodically for whatever reason necessary. Sometimes, it may not be your child that is the one going against your the â€Å"rules† but they may be the victims of online bullying, cyber stalking and even someone trying to start an inappropriate relationship with them. Some ways parents can help with making their children safer are: you must be your children’s friend on facebook, having the computer in an open area in the house, making sure your children only socialize with people that they know, and also sit down with their children and decide how much time should be spent on their social web choice. Also, making sure the children have other extracurricular activities outside of the home can take their mind off of the â€Å"social web† and can focus on more healthy ways of socializing with people and their friends. There are many risks when it comes to the use of social media with teens and children. Sexting is one the biggest issues now a days with teens. Sexting can be defined as â€Å"sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photographs, or images via cell phone, computer, or other digital devices. † Berkshire District Attorney. Sexting. Pittsfield, MA: Commonwealth of Massachusetts; 2010. Many of these messages are sent via Facebook or Myspace and are rapidly forwarded to others on the internet to see. A recent survey has shown that more than 20% of teens have sent or posted nude or partially nude pictures of themselves. This act can be very detrimental for the teen’s life. They are usually publicly humiliated and feel terribly ashamed, with guilt and no self worth. Also, once these images are on the web, they are there forever and can be hacked and used as child pornography. Quite a few different reports suggest that about eighty-three percent of American youth use their phones for email, mobile internet and texting. One of the reports states that these American teens send and receive text messages 144 times a day. If the teens are not texting, they are usually on social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. This is where they chat, share photos and share/post videos. The social web can also be a place where teens and children learn to be more creative and can also learn to communicate in a way that is needed and real. A lot of children and teens feel like they are more easily heard over social media platforms. They feel more comfortable explaining there feelings, emotions and whatever they may be going through in their life’s. They can also use the social web by using podcast, blogs, and videos. Parents need to also be careful on how they use the social web themselves. They need to set an example for their own children so that they can see how to use the social web in a good and healthy way. Parents and adults should not spend too much time on the social web, especially in front of their children. It really is true when people say you do what you grew up seeing. There are a lot of different platforms that parents can also use to â€Å"socialize† and communicate with others. A lot of the time it can be pretty safe for parents to use to social web platforms, but there are a lot of things that they need to be careful with to protect their family and their marriage. The social web is filled with different ways to reach out to people that you may have no business reaching out to. While using social platforms can be great to communicate with old friends and long distance family, it can create an open door for old relationships and feelings to come back and arise from the dead if they are not strong, deeply rooted and committed to their marriage. Finding an old friend or fling can have that â€Å"wow† factor. What this means is that when you see them all over again it reminds you of how great they used to be and how you miss them. Again, this is not every marriage, but it is something that happens often and we need to be aware of it. Four of five U. S. divorce attorneys say they have seen a rise in divorce cases with social networking involved, according to the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. The social web also can also be a platform for healthy relationships to begin. You can find old friends and flings and have a new opportunity of getting to know them again and potentially having the relationship that you wish you could have had years ago. Out of 50 couples married in the U. S. in 2011, at least one met through a social networking site, according to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Wedding Report. † Using the social web can connect people in amazing ways, we just have to be careful in how we use it. Like everything, too much of anything that’s seems good, can and is usually bad for you. We must use the social web with discretion. Our families need to make sure that we stay together and put boundaries on how the social media impacts us. The way we interact as a family is what sets the standards for our children and their children to come. We cannot allow the social web to come in between the much needed family time we need and must have, and also the very much needed personal time that we all need to our selves. The social media has replaced the personal interaction that families use to have, or the little interaction that was there with all of the other distractions in our lives. Some healthy ways to keep our families together are arranging some set weekly family time. Some activities could include family walks, weekly â€Å"eat out for dinner†, and exercising together. All in all, the social web can be a place where both good and bad can come from it. We can all say what type of impacts it has on each other, but what is important is how we choose to use the knowledge that we have, and begin to change how we allow the social media to control our children and the dynamics of our families. Let’s start using the old school way of communicating again, at least within our family and loved ones. There is nothing like having a face to face conversation with the person you love, it is truly the best way to communicate.